Despite India's demographic dividend and an "enormous reservoir of talent," its higher education system grapples with a "quiet crisis" in providing "good enough" opportunities for a vast segment of school-leavers. This challenge lies in simultaneously pursuing quantitative expansion and qualitative improvement.

Challenges in Simultaneous Expansion and Quality Improvement:

1. Funding Deficit: Massive expansion demands substantial financial investment in infrastructure, faculty, and research, which public funding often struggles to meet, impacting quality.
2. Faculty Shortage and Quality: Rapid scaling leads to a severe shortage of qualified faculty, often compelling institutions to compromise on recruitment standards, thereby diluting teaching quality.
3. Infrastructure Bottlenecks: Building adequate physical infrastructure like classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and student housing for a growing student population is a persistent challenge.
4. Curriculum Irrelevance: Expansion without frequent curriculum updates can lead to graduates lacking industry-relevant skills, contributing to employability gaps.
5. Compromised Research: A focus on merely increasing enrollment often sidelines the crucial emphasis on quality research and innovation.
6. Regulatory Hurdles & Political Interference: Over-regulation or, conversely, inadequate oversight, coupled with increasing political intrusion, can stifle academic autonomy and quality initiatives 

Measures for Greater Inclusivity:

1. Targeted Financial Support: Implement robust need-based scholarships, grants, and accessible education loans to support economically disadvantaged students.
2. Geographical Reach: Establish more higher education institutions, particularly in underserved rural and remote areas, to improve physical access.
3. Leveraging Digital Education: Promote blended learning models, MOOCs, and online courses to overcome geographical barriers and provide flexible learning opportunities, especially for those unable to pursue traditional residential education.
4. Strengthening Foundational Education: Improve the quality of school education, especially in government schools, to better prepare students for higher studies.
5. Diverse Program Offerings: Introduce more vocational, skill-based, and interdisciplinary courses to cater to varied interests and enhance employability.
6. Accessible Infrastructure: Ensure all institutions are physically accessible for persons with disabilities, along with providing necessary academic support.
7. Bridging the Digital Divide: Invest in digital infrastructure and literacy programs, especially in rural areas, to ensure equitable access to online learning resources.

Achieving both scale and quality, while ensuring inclusivity, requires a holistic and sustained approach, prioritizing public investment, fostering academic autonomy, and embracing technological advancements.